Ischemic Stroke and the Heart – Connection Within the Circulatory System

An ischemic stroke, also known as a cerebral infarction, occurs when blood flow in the brain is suddenly blocked. One of the most common causes is a heart‑originated blood clot that travels into a cerebral artery. Heart rhythm disorders – especially atrial fibrillation – significantly increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

The heart and brain are part of the same circulatory system, and many heart diseases can affect cerebral blood flow. A stroke may also be the first sign of an underlying heart condition.

How does the heart cause an ischemic stroke?

A heart rhythm disorder or other cardiac dysfunction can predispose to the formation of a blood clot. If the clot detaches and travels through the bloodstream to the brain, it can block a cerebral artery and cause an ischemic stroke.

The most typical cardiac causes are:

  • Atrial fibrillation – the most common long‑term arrhythmia
  • Heart failure
  • Myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathy
  • Heart valve diseases
  • Artificial heart valve or other cardiac prostheses
  • Intracardiac thrombus (e.g., in the left atrial appendage)

Cardioembolic strokes are often more severe than strokes caused by other mechanisms and may lead to more extensive damage.

Symptoms of ischemic stroke

An ischemic stroke appears suddenly. Typical symptoms include:

  • Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
  • Difficulty speaking or problems understanding speech
  • Drooping of one side of the face
  • Visual disturbances
  • Loss of balance, dizziness

Symptoms vary depending on which part of the brain is affected. The onset of symptoms is almost always sudden.

How can the risk be prevented?

Because cardiac causes account for a significant proportion of strokes, their treatment and monitoring are essential in prevention.

Treatment of atrial fibrillation

  • Anticoagulation is the most effective way to prevent clot formation
  • Rhythm control with medications or procedures

Good management of heart diseases

  • Hypertension, heart failure, and post‑myocardial infarction conditions must be treated carefully
  • Lifestyle factors: quitting smoking, physical activity, healthy diet

Regular follow‑up

  • ECG and echocardiography can reveal risk factors
  • Atrial fibrillation may be asymptomatic and requires active detection

Other risk factors

  • Diabetes, high cholesterol, and overweight increase the risk of both heart and cerebrovascular diseases
  • Overall health maintenance protects both the heart and the brain

When to see a doctor?

Seek immediate medical attention (112) if you or someone close to you suddenly develops:

  • Paralysis symptoms, speech disturbance, or any symptom suggestive of stroke
  • Severe unexplained dizziness, altered consciousness, or double vision

Visit a cardiologist or general practitioner if:

  • You have diagnosed atrial fibrillation or another heart disease
  • You are over 65 and have multiple cardiovascular risk factors
  • You have a family history of strokes or sudden cardiac deaths

Prevention of cardioembolic stroke is possible

The risk of cardioembolic stroke can be effectively reduced when heart diseases are identified and treated in time. At our Heart Center, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the heart and circulatory system as well as an individualized treatment plan to reduce the risk.